===== Boot USB stick =====

Here a short instruction how to create a multiboot usb flash disk containing [[http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/The_Syslinux_Project|Syslinux]] ([[http://greenflash.su/Syslinux/Syslinux.htm|rus]]), [[http://diddy.boot-land.net/grub4dos/Grub4dos.htm|Grub4dos]] ([[http://greenflash.su/Grub4Dos/Grub4dos.htm|rus]]), [[http://www.debian.org|Debian x86/64]], [[http://www.fedoraproject.org|Fedora x86/64]], [[http://www.ubuntu.com|Ubuntu x86/64]], [[http://www.gentoo.org|Gentoo x86/64]], [[http://clonezilla.org|Clonezilla]], [[http://old-dos.ru/files/file_672.html|4DOS]], [[http://www.microsoft.com/windows/default.aspx?icid=winvan|MS Windows]] (experimental), [[http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page|SystemRescueCd]] ([[http://www.memtest.org/|Memtest86]], [[http://pogostick.net/~pnh/ntpasswd|NTpassword]], [[http://www.freedos.org|FreeDOS]], [[http://gag.sourceforge.net|GAG]], [[http://www.ranish.com/part|Ranish]], [[http://hdt-project.org|HDT]], [[http://www.dban.org|DBAN]], [[http://www.ihdd.ru/mhdd|MHDD]], [[http://netboot.sourceforge.net|Netboot]], [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub|Grub2]], [[http://www.xfce.org|Xfce]], [[http://gparted.sourceforge.net|GParted]]).

===== Steps =====
==== Make a backup ====
Firstly backup all data on the stick (using tar/cp/rsync).
==== Installing SystemRescueCD ====
      * Under MS Windows: download image [[http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_How_to_install_SystemRescueCd_on_an_USB-stick#B.29_Recommended_USB_installation_method_from_Windows|SystemRescueCD-Installer.exe]] and follow instructions given on the link.
      * Under GNU/Linux: Mount [[http://www.system-rescue-cd.org/Download/|SystemRescueCd-x86-x.x.x.iso]] with //exec// option and run as root //usb_inst.sh// script. Use this short script replacing //iso_path// to path to the iso file: <code bash | Installing SystemRescueCD: iso_path - path to the dowloded iso image>iso_path=/path/to/systemrescuecd-x86-x.x.x.iso
mkdir iso_dir && sudo mount -o loop,exec "$iso_path" iso_dir && sudo LANG=en TERM=screen iso_dir/usb_inst.sh \
&& echo "SystemRescueCD successfully installed\! ;-)" || echo "Installation of SystemRescueCD failed\! ;-(" ; \
sudo umount iso_dir ; rmdir iso_dir</code>

<note important>
Last SysRecueCD versions can be written with **dd** to the usb stick.
</note>

==== Set correct FS type ====
Set correct file system type to make >=DOS-7.1 understand it. Under GNU/Linux type<code bash | Set correct fs type for DOS>sudo fdisk /dev/sdX # X - is the stick vfat partition, type 't', 'b', 'w', 'Enter'</code>Additionally you can set a DOS fs label<code bash | set dos fs label>sudo fatlabel /dev/sdX1 LABEL</code>
==== Syslinux.cfg ====
Add menu items to //stick:/syslinux/syslinux.cfg// before first LABEL string match. <code | stick://syslinux/syslinux.cfg>LABEL Debian netinstall 32 bit
	MENU LABEL Debian netinstall 32 bit
	KERNEL vmlinuz-debian32
	initrd initrd-debian32.gz

LABEL Debian netinstall 64 bit
	MENU LABEL Debian netinstall 64 bit
	KERNEL vmlinuz-debian64
	initrd initrd-debian64.gz

LABEL Fedora netinstall
	MENU LABEL Fedora netinstall
	KERNEL vmlinuz-fedora

LABEL Grub 4 Dos
	MENU LABEL 0) Grub 4 DOS
	KERNEL grub.exe

# Firstly, Windows does not found files in /I386 folder because it searches in the root / of the stick.
# Copying them to the root can make another troubles.
#LABEL winxp
#	MENU LABEL Boot Windows 2000/XP/2003 (SETUPLDR.BIN) from CD/DVD
#	COM32 chain.c32
#	APPEND ntldr=/I386/SETUPLDR.BIN
#LABEL win7
#	MENU LABEL Boot Windows Vista/2008/7 (bootmgr) from CD/DVD
#	COM32 chain.c32
#	APPEND ntldr=/bootmgr

# Solution: boot DOS >7.0 (6.0 does not see FAT32) and install under DOS.
LABEL 4dos
	MENU LABEL 4DOS MS-DOS 7.1 RUS
	kernel memdisk
	append initrd=/bootdisk/4dos.ima floppy

# Download if you need 6.22 version of DOS
LABEL dos622
	MENU LABEL DOS 6.22
	kernel memdisk
	append initrd=/bootdisk/dos622.img floppy</code>


You can download and version of [[http://old-dos.ru/files/file_64.html|Dos 6.22]] and save as stick:/bootdisk/dos622.img

==== Grub4dos ====
Extract from [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos | Grub4dos]] //grub.exe// file to the stick into /syslinux/ relative path. And create //stick:/menu.lst// config file for Grub4dos <code ini | stick:/menu.lst>color black/cyan yellow/cyan
timeout 30
default /default

splashimage=/splash.xpm.gz
foreground=AB82FF
background=191970

# map + Contig/WinContig shows blue screen when detecting hardware
# map --mem hangs in black screen for a long time, then reboot
#title WinXP iso
#find --set-root /winxp.iso
#    map /winxp.iso (hd32)
#    map --hook
#    root (hd32)
#    chainloader (hd32)

# Way to install  Windows XP, 2003, 2000, 98, 95 and restoring SYSLINUX boot loader after NTLDR rewrote it.
# To install Windows XP select "Grub 4 Dos" menu item on boot screen, then select "Dos 7.1 Rus" item
# and type: smartdrv ; c: ; cd c:\install\windows\i386 ; winnt.exe - Windows XP setup will start
# For Windows 98 run setup.exe setup executable.
# For that operations you need Windows installation CD with i386 directory.

title 4DOS MS-DOS 7.1 RUS
	map --mem /bootdisk/4dos.ima (fd0)
	map --hook
	chainloader (fd0)+1
	rootnoverify (fd0)</code>
==== Debian netinstall ====
To get available Debian netinstall need to download [[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/linux | kernel-32bit]], [[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz | initrd-32bit]], [[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/amd64/linux | kernel-64bit]], [[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz | initrd-64bit]] and move it to the //stick:/syslinux// directory renaming to //vmlinuz-debian32//, //initrd-debian32.gz//, //vmlinuz-debian64//, //inird-debian64.gz// accordinly. Under GNU/Linux you can do all operations by typing one command <code bash | Downloading Debian files: path - path to the mounted usb stick fs, release = stable | testing | sid>
path=/mnt/flash ; release=stable
ftp_url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/$release/main/installer"; \
ftp_path="current/images/netboot/debian-installer" \
&& p="$ftp_url-i386/$ftp_path/i386" \
&& wget "$p/linux" -O "$path/syslinux/vmlinuz-debian32" \
&& wget "$p/initrd.gz" -O "$path/syslinux/initrd-debian32.gz" \
&& p="$ftp_url-amd64/$ftp_path/amd64" \
&& wget "$p/linux" -O "$path/syslinux/vmlinuz-debian64" \
&& wget "$p/initrd.gz" -O "$path/syslinux/initrd-debian64.gz" \
&& echo "Debian boot image files download successfully\! ;-)" \
|| echo "Downloading Debian boot image files failed\! ;-("</code>

==== Fedora netinstall ====
To get available Fedora netinstall download [[http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/bfo/bfo.lkrn | bfo.lkrn]] and save it as stick:/syslinux/vmlinuz-fedora. Example:<code bash | Download Fedora netinstall kernel image: path - path to the mounted stick>path=/mnt/flash
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/bfo/bfo.lkrn -O $path/syslinux/vmlinuz-fedora</code>

==== Ubuntu installer ====
Download [[http://www.ubuntu.com/download|Ubuntu]] iso-file. Copy /casper directory to the root of flash to get structure like this.
<code | stick:/>stick
├── casper
│   ├── filesystem.manifest
│   ├── filesystem.manifest-remove
│   ├── filesystem.size
│   ├── filesystem.squashfs
│   ├── initrd.lz
│   └── vmlinuz.efi
</code>
Add menu items to Grub4dos menu.lst
<code config | stick://menu.lst>
title Ubuntu LiveCD/Installer
    find --set-root /casper/initrd.lz
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper live-media-path=/casper/ ignore_uuid
    initrd /casper/initrd.lz
</code>
On new Ubuntu CD /casper directory may have another name so you must change it in the config. Also you probably want to change the title.
==== Gentoo stage3 ====
To get available Gentoo installers need to download [[http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.bz2 | portage-latest.tar.bz2]], [[http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/releases/x86/autobuilds/current-stage3 | stage3-i686-xxx.tar.bz2]] and [[http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3 | stage3-amd64-xxx.tar.bz2]] to the //stick:/install/gentoo// directory. Under GNU/Linux all operations can be made in one step <code bash | Downloading Gentoo portage and stages: path - path to the stick>
path=/mnt/flash
full_path="$path/install/gentoo"; \
url_path="http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/releases"; mkdir -p "$full_path" \
&& fname=`wget $url_path/x86/autobuilds/latest-stage3-i486.txt -O - 2>/dev/null | tail -n1 | cut -d' ' -f1` \
&& wget "$url_path/x86/autobuilds/$fname" -O "$full_path/${fname##*/}" \
&& fname=`wget $url_path/amd64/autobuilds/latest-stage3-amd64-nomultilib.txt -O - 2>/dev/null | tail -n1 | cut -d' ' -f1` \
&& wget "$url_path/amd64/autobuilds/$fname" -O "$full_path/${fname##*/}" \
&& fname=`wget $url_path/amd64/autobuilds/latest-stage3-amd64-hardened+nomultilib.txt -O - 2>/dev/null | tail -n1 | cut -d' ' -f1` \
&& wget "$url_path/amd64/autobuilds/$fname" -O "$full_path/${fname##*/}" \
&& wget "$url_path/snapshots/current/portage-latest.tar.bz2" -O "$full_path/portage-latest.tar.bz2" \
&& echo "Downloading portage and stag3 success \! ;-)" \
|| echo "Downloading portage and stag3 failed \! ;-("</code>

==== DOS 7.1 ====
To have DOS 7.1 on the stick download diskette image from [[http://narod.ru/disk/27030580000/4DOS.IMA.html | narod.ru]] or [[http://www.backbone.ws/share/dist/dos/os | this site]] and move to the //stick:/bootdisk// directory. In Bash you cat type <code bash | Downloading DOS 7.1 image: path - path to mounted stick>path=/mnt/flash
wget http://www.backbone.ws/share/dist/dos/os/4dos.ima -O "$path/bootdisk/4dos.ima" \
&& echo "DOS 7.1 download succes\! ;-)" || echo "DOS 7.1 download failed\! ;-("</code>

==== MS Windows ====
<note warning>
Setup MS Windows in this way with a 100% possibility it erases SYSLINUX boot loader because Windows Installer wrotes it's own boot loader from time to time.
</note>

However if installation of Windows success you can got to Grub4dos using NTLDR and select DOS 7.1, then type<code>c: ; syslinux.com c:</code> //syslinux.com// must be extracted from //stick:/bootprog/syslinux-x.xx.zip/dos//. Also to install Windows XP you need to copy //ntdetect.com// from //i386// installation directory and //grldr// from [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos | Grub4dos]] to the root of the stick. Menu config must be on the stick<code ini | stick:/boot.ini>[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /noexecute=optin /fastdetect
C:\grldr="Grub4Dos"</code>

==== Clonezilla ====
Installing Clonezilla. Download latest [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/clonezilla_live_stable | stable]] or [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/clonezilla_live_testing | testing]] version of Clonezilla. Unpack three files from the iso by mounting it or by using File-Roller etc. You should get such directory tree.<code | stick:/>stick
├── live
│   ├── filesystem.squashfs
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz</code> Copy from //clonezilla-live-xxx.iso/syslinux/syslinux.cfg// file strings from first "MENU TITLE" to last "MENU END" including them and insert before first "LABEL ..." string into //stick:/syslinux/syslinux.cfg//

==== More Grub4dos options ====
More Grub4dos menu list examples.<code | stick:/menu.lst>title find and load NTLDR of Windows
	NT/2K/XP
	fallback 1
	find --set-root /ntldr
	chainloader /ntldr
	savedefault --wait=2

title find and load CMLDR, the Recovery
	Console of Windows NT/2K/XP
	fallback 2
	find --set-root /cmldr
	chainloader /cmldr

#.....................................
# write string "cmdcons" to
memory 0000:7C03 in 2 steps:
#.....................................
# step 1. Write 4 chars "cmdc"
at 0000:7C03
write 0x7C03 0x63646D63
# step 2. Write 3 chars "ons"
and an ending null at 0000:7C07
write 0x7C07 0x00736E6F
savedefault --wait=2

title find and load IO.SYS of Windows
	9x/Me
	fallback 3
	find --set-root /io.sys
	chainloader /io.sys
	savedefault --wait=2

title find and boot Mandriva with
	menu.lst already installed
	fallback 4
	find --set-root /etc/mandriva-release
	savedefault --wait=2
	configfile /boot/grub/menu.lst

title find and boot Linux with menu.lst
	already installed
	fallback 5
	find --set-root /sbin/init
	savedefault --wait=2
	configfile /boot/grub/menu.lst

title commandline
	savedefault --wait=2
	commandline

title floppy (fd0)
	chainloader (fd0)+1
	rootnoverify (fd0)
	savedefault --wait=2

title back to dos
	savedefault --wait=2
	quit

title reboot
	savedefault --wait=2
	reboot

title halt
	savedefault --wait=2
	halt

title memdrive duplicated from floppy
	image file (hd0,0)/sbm.bin
	map --mem (hd0,0)/sbm.bin (fd0)
	map --hook
	chainloader (fd0)+1
	rootnoverify (fd0)
	savedefault --wait=2

title memdrive based on win98 partition
	(hd0,6)
	map --mem (hd0,6)+1 (hd0)
	# map --mem (hd0,0)/win98.gz (hd0)
	map --hook
	chainloader (hd0)+1
	rootnoverify (hd0)
	savedefault --wait=2

title Boot Windows XP
	root (hd0,1)
	chainloader +1
	savedefault

title Boot Options
	lock
	find --set-root /submenu.lst
	configfile /submenu.lst

title Find “hdd.tag” and chainload
	partition
	find --set-root /hdd.tag
	chainloader +1

title Find and load “ntldr”
	find --set-root /ntldr
	chainloader /ntldr

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(hd32 --mem)
	map --mem
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (hd32)
	map --hook
	root (hd32)
	chainloader (hd32)
	boot

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(0xFF --mem)
	map --mem
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (0xFF)
	map --hook
	root (0xFF)
	chainloader (0xFF)
	boot

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(hd32)
	map
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (hd32)
	map --hook
	root (hd32)
	chainloader (hd32)
	boot

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(0xFF)
	map
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (0xFF)
	map --hook
	root (0xFF)
	chainloader (0xFF)
	boot

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(--mem maxblast)
	map --mem
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (hd32)
	map --hook
	map --mem (hd32)/images/maxblast.igz
	(fd0)
	map --hook
	root (fd0)
	chainloader +1
	boot

title debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso
	(--mem maxblast --mem floppy)
	map --mem
	(hd0,0)/debian-6.0.0-i386-netinst.iso (hd32)
	map --hook
	map --mem (hd32)/images/maxblast.igz
	(fd0)
	map --hook
	map --mem (fd0)/floppy.img.gz (fd1)
	map --hook
	root (fd1)
	chainloader +1
	boot</code>